Prob(v) = 4π (\frac{M}{2πRT} )^{3/2} v^{2}e^{−Mv^{2}/2RT}

Prob(v) ∝ v^{2}e^{−v^{2}}

τ(λ) = τ(λ_{0}) (\frac{Q^{2}}{(λ − λ_{0})^{2} + Q^{2}} )

τ ∝ (λ − λ_{0})^{−2}

W ∝ N

W ∝ \sqrt{ln N}

W ∝ \sqrt{N}