mass of lensing object distance Einstein ring radius (parsecs) (m) degrees arcseconds -------------------------------------------------------------------------- lensed by a star 1 solar mass 100 3 x 1018 0.0000025 0.0089 (2 x 1030 kg) 1,000 3 x 1019 0.00000078 0.0028 10,000 3 x 1020 0.00000025 0.00089 lensed by a galaxy 1012 solar 100 Mpc 3 x 1024 0.0025 8.9 (2 x 1042 kg) 1,000 Mpc 3 x 1025 0.00078 2.9 10,000 Mpc 3 x 1026 0.00025 0.89 lensed by galaxy cluster 1015 solar 1,000 Mpc 3 x 1025 0.025 89 (2 x 1045 kg) 10,000 Mpc 3 x 1026 0.0078 28 100,000 Mpc 3 x 1027 0.0025 8.9 --------------------------------------------------------------------------