We can figure out its gamma factor from

Plugging in m = 1.67 x 10^^-27 kg, we find

We can then derive the velocity of proton A

and the time it takes for proton A to reach the Earth:

Now, let's look at the other proton, which has twice as much energy.

We can figure out its gamma factor from

We can then derive the velocity of proton B

and the time it takes for proton B to reach the Earth:

Therefore, the high-energy proton B reaches the Earth slightly earlier than the low-energy proton A